Research indicates that corporal punishment, including spanking, can have negative effects on children's development. These effects include:
Major health organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Psychological Association (APA), strongly oppose physical punishment. Studies indicate that spanking and other forms of physical discipline can lead to: Research indicates that corporal punishment
note that physical punishment often triggers negative responses in children: Rebellion, Revenge, and Retreat. Global Bans: and Retreat. Global Bans: