Kenneth Craik The Nature Of — Explanation Pdf !free!

: Converting external processes into internal symbols (words, numbers, or images).

Kenneth Craik’s The Nature of Explanation (1943) argues that minds—biological and artificial—explain and predict by constructing internal, small-scale models of external reality. Craik proposes that explanations are model-based, that intelligence consists of manipulating these models to simulate outcomes, and that scientific progress is the refinement of such models. The book blends philosophy, psychology, and early cybernetic thinking; its core claim foreshadows later model-based and representational approaches in cognitive science, AI, and philosophy of science. kenneth craik the nature of explanation pdf

: He viewed thought as a form of "artificial causation," where rules connecting symbols represent the causal interactions between physical objects. and early cybernetic thinking